Fun with irDA

Recently, I picked up a fun little bit of kit that consists of a small irDA remote and an irDA receiver.

I did a bunch of reading about irDA remote controls and it is a bit mind boggling.  It is clear that there is a bunch of legacy junque that has been drug along for years in the implementation of irDA remote controls.  The little breakout board with the irDA receiver on it kindly includes a visible light LED that toggles in response to anything the sensor sees.  This makes it easy to verify that it is seeing your remote control.

Taking at look at the output from the sensor on the scope we see this kind of information being transmitted for one of the buttons on the remote.

There are a bunch of different encodings for these remote controls and I had no interest in determining exactly what code format this remote uses.  I did find an Arduino library or ten that would decode the data stream.  With that in hand, I was able to find the codes for all the buttons on the remote, listed below top/left to bottom/right.


Power        - 0xffa25d
Mode         - 0xff629d
Mute         - 0xffe21d
Play         - 0xff22dd
Rewind       - 0xff02fd
Fast Forward - 0xffc23d
EQ           - 0xffe01f
Minus        - 0xffa857
Plus         - 0xff906f
0            - 0xff6897
Random       - 0xff9867
U/SD         - 0xffb04f
1            - 0xff30cf
2            - 0xff18e7
3            - 0xff7a85
4            - 0xff10ef
5            - 0xff38c7
6            - 0xff5aa5
7            - 0xff42bd
8            - 0xff4ab5
9            - 0xff52ad

So, with all this fun in mind, I decided to set up the irDA remote to work with Minima.  I added the code to initialize the irDA receiver and in the btnDown function added receiving the button codes above and mapping them to Minima's 7 button scheme implemented by Eldon, WA0UWH.  For now, I just mapped the buttons as follows:

Mode -- FN (button 1)

Rewind - Left (button 2)

Fast Forward - Right (button 3)

Minus - Down (button 6)

Plus - Up (button 5)

So, with this simple change, I am able to move the cursor to select the frequency digit to change, move up and down through the ham band select and toggle RIT mode.  It would be simple enough to add direct frequency entry and map the rest of the buttons.

This is just a proof of concept bit of fun on a Saturday afternoon when I should really be out playing in the sun before it runs away and hides for the rest of the year...

Here is the Minima controller shield mounted on an ATMega2560 with the irDA breakout board jumpered to digital pin 3.  The display is an i2c 20x4 LCD on my Minima front panel.

Minima Controller Shield - mounting options

Well, I am not certain yet how I am going to mount things in the long run, but for now I have stacked the display, Uno and Shield on the back of the panel.  My wires are deliberately long until I make a final decision, but for now I have just coiled them up.

I will most likely fashion another panel a little bit larger that will have room for more buttons as well as the rotary encoder at which time the current tuning pot will become the speed control for a keyer.  I have located some scrap aluminum, so I think it is the next best step.

Minima working with new shield

This evening, I hacked poor Wayne, NB6M's Minima to accept VFO energy from my Minima Controller shield.  As a first hack, it worked fine and I was able to test drive the receiver from my controller.

I disconnected Wayne's Si570 output and brought the coax out to an SMA connector that I hooked up with a short SMA jumper cable to my VFO output.  Other than being out of calibration, it seems to work fine.

So far so good...  I want to try using the second Si570 as the BFO, but more surgery is necessary in order to replace the BFO oscillator.  I think I will wait until I am more awake...

Minima Displays

I have been playing around with a number of display options for the Minima.  I found an interesting little board locally for about $12 in single quantities and on eBay for about $5 that has 8 digits of seven segment display, eight tri-colour LEDs and eight push buttons.  It is based on the Titan Micro LED driver chip TM1638.  Here is a good write-up on the device, I won't attempt to replicate it here.

I very quickly modified the Minima code to utilize this display.  It could very easily be further adapted to support the various buttons.  Some of the LCD second line indicators (RX/TX, LSB/USB, etc) could be indicated using tri-colour LEDs.  

I thought folks might be interested in seeing this device and I wanted to get a feel for how difficult it would be to integrate into the Minima code.  Out-of-box, it requires three of the scarce pins on the Arduino, but this can be easily resolved by expanding the I/O pins using a i2c device very similar to what is done with LCD backpacks for i2c.

Here is a photograph of my UNO running Minima version ko7m-AD with modifications for displaying the frequency.  My Minima controller shield is in place but not currently powered.

Anyone interested in further details on this display board should see the links above.  if you have trouble integrating this into your Minima code, drop me a note by email or by comment here and I will do my best to help you succeed.

ko7m at arrl dot net

Arduino Programming

It is interesting to me to note the minimum application size given the Arduino development environment.  I created this minimum sketch:

void setup() 
{
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
}

void loop() 
{
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}

The development environment reported the following for my Arduino UNO R3.

Sketch uses 466 bytes (1%) of program storage space. Maximum is 32,256 bytes.

Global variables use 9 bytes (0%) of dynamic memory, leaving 2,039 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 2,048 bytes.

Interesting...  Using avr-size to report the same information:

   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename

    466       0       9     475     1db sketch_sep14a.cpp.elf

So this sketch that does nothing requires 466 bytes of code (start-up/shut-down) and 9 bytes of initialized memory.

Using obj-dump to look at the symbol table and different blocks, we find pretty typical initialization of vector tables, copying initialization data to RAM, default handlers and support for debugging in different modes.  

Too bad the Arduino IDE doesn't actually provide a debugger, but nice it is there if you want to step outside of the Arduino IDE (which I do recommend).

The program main entry point on Arduino is still main() like in any C program, but it is provided for you by the IDE.  As can be seen below, it calls the init function (also provided), then your setup followed by your loop function.  Upon return, the call stack frame pointer R28:r29 is examined and if non-zero, the device is reset through the vector at address zero.  Otherwise it just continues to call your loop function.

000000a6 <setup>:

  a6: 08 95        ret

000000a8 <loop>:

  a8: 08 95        ret

000000aa <main>:

  aa: cf 93        push r28

  ac: df 93        push r29

  ae: 0e 94 ac 00  call 0x158 ; 0x158 <init>

  b2: 0e 94 53 00  call 0xa6 ; 0xa6 <setup>

  b6: c0 e0        ldi r28, 0x00 ; 0

  b8: d0 e0        ldi r29, 0x00 ; 0

  ba: 0e 94 54 00  call 0xa8 ; 0xa8 <loop>

  be: 20 97        sbiw r28, 0x00 ; 0

  c0: e1 f3        breq .-8       ; 0xba <main+0x10>

  c2: 0e 94 00 00  call 0 ; 0x0 <__vectors>

  c6: f9 cf        rjmp .-14      ; 0xba <main+0x10>

Explore some of the other tools that are provided with your Arduino development environment.  Here is most of the output from obj-dump with the big blocks of hex dumps and disassemblies of debugging blocks removed.

sketch_sep14a.cpp.elf:     file format elf32-avr

sketch_sep14a.cpp.elf

architecture: avr:5, flags 0x00000112:

EXEC_P, HAS_SYMS, D_PAGED

start address 0x00000000

Program Header:

    LOAD off    0x00000074 vaddr 0x00000000 paddr 0x00000000 align 2**0

         filesz 0x000001d2 memsz 0x000001d2 flags r-x

    LOAD off    0x00000246 vaddr 0x00800100 paddr 0x00800100 align 2**0

         filesz 0x00000000 memsz 0x00000009 flags rw-

Sections:

Idx Name          Size      VMA       LMA       File off  Algn

  0 .text         000001d2  00000000  00000000  00000074  2**1

                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

  1 .bss          00000009  00800100  00800100  00000246  2**0

                  ALLOC

  2 .debug_aranges 000000b0  00000000  00000000  00000246  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

  3 .debug_pubnames 000000cd  00000000  00000000  000002f6  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

  4 .debug_info   000005e4  00000000  00000000  000003c3  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

  5 .debug_abbrev 00000296  00000000  00000000  000009a7  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

  6 .debug_line   00000722  00000000  00000000  00000c3d  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

  7 .debug_frame  000000e0  00000000  00000000  00001360  2**2

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

  8 .debug_str    00000250  00000000  00000000  00001440  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

  9 .debug_loc    0000019b  00000000  00000000  00001690  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

 10 .debug_ranges 00000090  00000000  00000000  0000182b  2**0

                  CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

SYMBOL TABLE:

00000000 l    d  .text 00000000 .text

00800100 l    d  .bss 00000000 .bss

00000000 l    d  .debug_aranges 00000000 .debug_aranges

00000000 l    d  .debug_pubnames 00000000 .debug_pubnames

00000000 l    d  .debug_info 00000000 .debug_info

00000000 l    d  .debug_abbrev 00000000 .debug_abbrev

00000000 l    d  .debug_line 00000000 .debug_line

00000000 l    d  .debug_frame 00000000 .debug_frame

00000000 l    d  .debug_str 00000000 .debug_str

00000000 l    d  .debug_loc 00000000 .debug_loc

00000000 l    d  .debug_ranges 00000000 .debug_ranges

00000084 l       .text 00000000 .do_copy_data_start

00000080 l       .text 00000000 .do_copy_data_loop

00000094 l       .text 00000000 .do_clear_bss_start

00000092 l       .text 00000000 .do_clear_bss_loop

00000000 l    df *ABS* 00000000 sketch_sep14a.cpp

0000003f l       *ABS* 00000000 __SREG__

0000003e l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_H__

0000003d l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_L__

00000034 l       *ABS* 00000000 __CCP__

00000000 l       *ABS* 00000000 __tmp_reg__

00000001 l       *ABS* 00000000 __zero_reg__

00000000 l    df *ABS* 00000000 main.cpp

0000003f l       *ABS* 00000000 __SREG__

0000003e l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_H__

0000003d l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_L__

00000034 l       *ABS* 00000000 __CCP__

00000000 l       *ABS* 00000000 __tmp_reg__

00000001 l       *ABS* 00000000 __zero_reg__

00000000 l    df *ABS* 00000000 wiring.c

0000003f l       *ABS* 00000000 __SREG__

0000003e l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_H__

0000003d l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_L__

00000034 l       *ABS* 00000000 __CCP__

00000000 l       *ABS* 00000000 __tmp_reg__

00000001 l       *ABS* 00000000 __zero_reg__

00800108 l     O .bss 00000001 timer0_fract

000001d0 l       .text 00000000 __stop_program

00000000 l    df *ABS* 00000000 hooks.c

0000003f l       *ABS* 00000000 __SREG__

0000003e l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_H__

0000003d l       *ABS* 00000000 __SP_L__

00000034 l       *ABS* 00000000 __CCP__

00000000 l       *ABS* 00000000 __tmp_reg__

00000001 l       *ABS* 00000000 __zero_reg__

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_22

00800100 g     O .bss 00000004 timer0_overflow_count

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_1

00800104 g     O .bss 00000004 timer0_millis

00000068 g       .text 00000000 __trampolines_start

000001d2 g       .text 00000000 _etext

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_24

000000a8 g     F .text 00000002 loop

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_12

000000a2 g       .text 00000000 __bad_interrupt

000001d2 g       *ABS* 00000000 __data_load_end

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_6

00000068 g       .text 00000000 __trampolines_end

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_3

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_23

000001d2 g       *ABS* 00000000 __data_load_start

00000068 g       .text 00000000 __dtors_end

00800109 g       .bss 00000000 __bss_end

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_25

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_11

00000068  w      .text 00000000 __init

00000000  w      *UND* 00000000 _Z14serialEventRunv

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_13

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_17

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_19

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_7

0000008a g       .text 00000000 __do_clear_bss

00810000 g       .debug_aranges 00000000 __eeprom_end

00000000 g       .text 00000000 __vectors

00800100 g       .text 00000000 __data_end

00000000  w      .text 00000000 __vector_default

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_5

00000158 g     F .text 00000076 init

00000068 g       .text 00000000 __ctors_start

00000074 g       .text 00000000 __do_copy_data

00800100 g       .bss 00000000 __bss_start

000000aa g     F .text 0000001e main

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_4

00000000  w      *ABS* 00000000 __heap_end

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_9

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_2

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_21

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_15

000000a6 g     F .text 00000002 setup

00000068 g       .text 00000000 __dtors_start

00000068 g       .text 00000000 __ctors_end

000008ff  w      *ABS* 00000000 __stack

00800100 g       .text 00000000 _edata

00800109 g       .debug_aranges 00000000 _end

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_8

000001ce  w      .text 00000000 exit

000001ce g       .text 00000000 _exit

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_14

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_10

000000c8 g     F .text 00000090 __vector_16

00800100 g       .text 00000000 __data_start

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_18

000000a2  w      .text 00000000 __vector_20

Hex dump of sections deleted...

Disassembly of section .text:

00000000 <__vectors>:

   0: 0c 94 34 00 jmp 0x68 ; 0x68 <__ctors_end>

   4: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

   8: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

   c: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  10: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  14: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  18: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  1c: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  20: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  24: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  28: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  2c: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  30: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  34: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  38: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  3c: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  40: 0c 94 64 00 jmp 0xc8 ; 0xc8 <__vector_16>

  44: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  48: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  4c: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  50: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  54: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  58: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  5c: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  60: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

  64: 0c 94 51 00 jmp 0xa2 ; 0xa2 <__bad_interrupt>

00000068 <__ctors_end>:

  68: 11 24       eor r1, r1

  6a: 1f be       out 0x3f, r1 ; 63

  6c: cf ef       ldi r28, 0xFF ; 255

  6e: d8 e0       ldi r29, 0x08 ; 8

  70: de bf       out 0x3e, r29 ; 62

  72: cd bf       out 0x3d, r28 ; 61

00000074 <__do_copy_data>:

  74: 11 e0       ldi r17, 0x01 ; 1

  76: a0 e0       ldi r26, 0x00 ; 0

  78: b1 e0       ldi r27, 0x01 ; 1

  7a: e2 ed       ldi r30, 0xD2 ; 210

  7c: f1 e0       ldi r31, 0x01 ; 1

  7e: 02 c0       rjmp .+4       ; 0x84 <.do_copy_data_start>

00000080 <.do_copy_data_loop>:

  80: 05 90       lpm r0, Z+

  82: 0d 92       st X+, r0

00000084 <.do_copy_data_start>:

  84: a0 30       cpi r26, 0x00 ; 0

  86: b1 07       cpc r27, r17

  88: d9 f7       brne .-10     ; 0x80 <.do_copy_data_loop>

0000008a <__do_clear_bss>:

  8a: 11 e0       ldi r17, 0x01 ; 1

  8c: a0 e0       ldi r26, 0x00 ; 0

  8e: b1 e0       ldi r27, 0x01 ; 1

  90: 01 c0       rjmp .+2       ; 0x94 <.do_clear_bss_start>

00000092 <.do_clear_bss_loop>:

  92: 1d 92       st X+, r1

00000094 <.do_clear_bss_start>:

  94: a9 30       cpi r26, 0x09 ; 9

  96: b1 07       cpc r27, r17

  98: e1 f7       brne .-8       ; 0x92 <.do_clear_bss_loop>

  9a: 0e 94 55 00 call 0xaa ; 0xaa <main>

  9e: 0c 94 e7 00 jmp 0x1ce ; 0x1ce <_exit>

000000a2 <__bad_interrupt>:

  a2: 0c 94 00 00 jmp 0 ; 0x0 <__vectors>

000000a6 <setup>:

  a6: 08 95       ret

000000a8 <loop>:

  a8: 08 95       ret

000000aa <main>:

  aa: cf 93       push r28

  ac: df 93       push r29

  ae: 0e 94 ac 00 call 0x158 ; 0x158 <init>

  b2: 0e 94 53 00 call 0xa6 ; 0xa6 <setup>

  b6: c0 e0       ldi r28, 0x00 ; 0

  b8: d0 e0       ldi r29, 0x00 ; 0

  ba: 0e 94 54 00 call 0xa8 ; 0xa8 <loop>

  be: 20 97       sbiw r28, 0x00 ; 0

  c0: e1 f3       breq .-8       ; 0xba <main+0x10>

  c2: 0e 94 00 00 call 0 ; 0x0 <__vectors>

  c6: f9 cf       rjmp .-14     ; 0xba <main+0x10>

000000c8 <__vector_16>:

  c8: 1f 92       push r1

  ca: 0f 92       push r0

  cc: 0f b6       in r0, 0x3f ; 63

  ce: 0f 92       push r0

  d0: 11 24       eor r1, r1

  d2: 2f 93       push r18

  d4: 3f 93       push r19

  d6: 8f 93       push r24

  d8: 9f 93       push r25

  da: af 93       push r26

  dc: bf 93       push r27

  de: 80 91 04 01 lds r24, 0x0104

  e2: 90 91 05 01 lds r25, 0x0105

  e6: a0 91 06 01 lds r26, 0x0106

  ea: b0 91 07 01 lds r27, 0x0107

  ee: 30 91 08 01 lds r19, 0x0108

  f2: 01 96       adiw r24, 0x01 ; 1

  f4: a1 1d       adc r26, r1

  f6: b1 1d       adc r27, r1

  f8: 23 2f       mov r18, r19

  fa: 2d 5f       subi r18, 0xFD ; 253

  fc: 2d 37       cpi r18, 0x7D ; 125

  fe: 20 f0       brcs .+8       ; 0x108 <__vector_16+0x40>

 100: 2d 57       subi r18, 0x7D ; 125

 102: 01 96       adiw r24, 0x01 ; 1

 104: a1 1d       adc r26, r1

 106: b1 1d       adc r27, r1

 108: 20 93 08 01 sts 0x0108, r18

 10c: 80 93 04 01 sts 0x0104, r24

 110: 90 93 05 01 sts 0x0105, r25

 114: a0 93 06 01 sts 0x0106, r26

 118: b0 93 07 01 sts 0x0107, r27

 11c: 80 91 00 01 lds r24, 0x0100

 120: 90 91 01 01 lds r25, 0x0101

 124: a0 91 02 01 lds r26, 0x0102

 128: b0 91 03 01 lds r27, 0x0103

 12c: 01 96       adiw r24, 0x01 ; 1

 12e: a1 1d       adc r26, r1

 130: b1 1d       adc r27, r1

 132: 80 93 00 01 sts 0x0100, r24

 136: 90 93 01 01 sts 0x0101, r25

 13a: a0 93 02 01 sts 0x0102, r26

 13e: b0 93 03 01 sts 0x0103, r27

 142: bf 91       pop r27

 144: af 91       pop r26

 146: 9f 91       pop r25

 148: 8f 91       pop r24

 14a: 3f 91       pop r19

 14c: 2f 91       pop r18

 14e: 0f 90       pop r0

 150: 0f be       out 0x3f, r0 ; 63

 152: 0f 90       pop r0

 154: 1f 90       pop r1

 156: 18 95       reti

00000158 <init>:

 158: 78 94       sei

 15a: 84 b5       in r24, 0x24 ; 36

 15c: 82 60       ori r24, 0x02 ; 2

 15e: 84 bd       out 0x24, r24 ; 36

 160: 84 b5       in r24, 0x24 ; 36

 162: 81 60       ori r24, 0x01 ; 1

 164: 84 bd       out 0x24, r24 ; 36

 166: 85 b5       in r24, 0x25 ; 37

 168: 82 60       ori r24, 0x02 ; 2

 16a: 85 bd       out 0x25, r24 ; 37

 16c: 85 b5       in r24, 0x25 ; 37

 16e: 81 60       ori r24, 0x01 ; 1

 170: 85 bd       out 0x25, r24 ; 37

 172: ee e6       ldi r30, 0x6E ; 110

 174: f0 e0       ldi r31, 0x00 ; 0

 176: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 178: 81 60       ori r24, 0x01 ; 1

 17a: 80 83       st Z, r24

 17c: e1 e8       ldi r30, 0x81 ; 129

 17e: f0 e0       ldi r31, 0x00 ; 0

 180: 10 82       st Z, r1

 182: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 184: 82 60       ori r24, 0x02 ; 2

 186: 80 83       st Z, r24

 188: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 18a: 81 60       ori r24, 0x01 ; 1

 18c: 80 83       st Z, r24

 18e: e0 e8       ldi r30, 0x80 ; 128

 190: f0 e0       ldi r31, 0x00 ; 0

 192: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 194: 81 60       ori r24, 0x01 ; 1

 196: 80 83       st Z, r24

 198: e1 eb       ldi r30, 0xB1 ; 177

 19a: f0 e0       ldi r31, 0x00 ; 0

 19c: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 19e: 84 60       ori r24, 0x04 ; 4

 1a0: 80 83       st Z, r24

 1a2: e0 eb       ldi r30, 0xB0 ; 176

 1a4: f0 e0       ldi r31, 0x00 ; 0

 1a6: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 1a8: 81 60       ori r24, 0x01 ; 1

 1aa: 80 83       st Z, r24

 1ac: ea e7       ldi r30, 0x7A ; 122

 1ae: f0 e0       ldi r31, 0x00 ; 0

 1b0: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 1b2: 84 60       ori r24, 0x04 ; 4

 1b4: 80 83       st Z, r24

 1b6: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 1b8: 82 60       ori r24, 0x02 ; 2

 1ba: 80 83       st Z, r24

 1bc: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 1be: 81 60       ori r24, 0x01 ; 1

 1c0: 80 83       st Z, r24

 1c2: 80 81       ld r24, Z

 1c4: 80 68       ori r24, 0x80 ; 128

 1c6: 80 83       st Z, r24

 1c8: 10 92 c1 00 sts 0x00C1, r1

 1cc: 08 95       ret

000001ce <_exit>:

 1ce: f8 94       cli

000001d0 <__stop_program>:

 1d0: ff cf       rjmp .-2       ; 0x1d0 <__stop_program>

Disassembly of section .bss:

00800100 <__bss_start>:

  800100: 00 00       nop

...

00800104 <timer0_millis>:

  800104: 00 00       nop

...

00800108 <timer0_fract>:

...

Deleted very long disassembly of the debug support sections.